{"id":3465,"date":"2019-02-01T11:06:34","date_gmt":"2019-02-01T11:06:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/?p=3465"},"modified":"2025-10-12T18:56:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-12T18:56:00","slug":"que-son-las-glandulas-endocrinas-y-cuales-son-controladas-por-la-hipofisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/en\/blog\/que-son-las-glandulas-endocrinas-y-cuales-son-controladas-por-la-hipofisis\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las Gl\u00e1ndulas Endocrinas?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las gl\u00e1ndulas endocrinas?<\/h2>\n<p><b>Una gl\u00e1ndula es un conjunto de c\u00e9lulas encargadas de la producci\u00f3n y secreci\u00f3n de una o varias sustancias<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Las gl\u00e1ndulas endocrinas lo que segregan son hormonas que se eliminan directamente en los capilares sangu\u00edneos. Existen numerosos \u00f3rganos endocrinos: hip\u00f3fisis, tiroides, paratiroides, p\u00e1ncreas, suprarrenales, ovarios, test\u00edculos y hueso entre otros. Cada uno se encarga de la producci\u00f3n y secreci\u00f3n directa al torrente sangu\u00edneo de una o varias hormonas espec\u00edficas. Las hormonas por tanto son sustancias importantes que ejercen su acci\u00f3n a distancia, normalmente en m\u00faltiples \u00f3rganos al mismo tiempo. Son responsables de mantener el equilibrio de constantes vitales como la frecuencia cardiaca y la tensi\u00f3n arterial as\u00ed como la homeostasis hidroelectrol\u00edtica (fluidos, glucosa, sodio, potasio), el crecimiento, la lactancia y la funci\u00f3n reproductora.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfD\u00f3nde est\u00e1 la hip\u00f3fisis y qu\u00e9 controla?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Existe una fina regulaci\u00f3n de la producci\u00f3n, liberaci\u00f3n y acci\u00f3n de estas hormonas en funci\u00f3n de las necesidades del organismo. As\u00ed un mecanismo de retroalimentaci\u00f3n negativo controlado por la hip\u00f3fisis establece<\/span><b> cuatro ejes hormonales fundamentales: el eje suprarrenal, tiroideo, gonadal y el crecimiento<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. La hip\u00f3fisis o gl\u00e1ndula pituitaria est\u00e1 localizada en el enc\u00e9falo, concretamente en un hueso del cr\u00e1neo llamado esfenoides, en el interior de una regi\u00f3n anat\u00f3mica llamada silla turca. Recibe informaci\u00f3n del nivel de las hormonas de estos ejes a nivel perif\u00e9rico y regula su producci\u00f3n en todo momento inhibi\u00e9ndola si detecta un exceso o estimulando si compensa un d\u00e9ficit. De ese modo <\/span><b>la hip\u00f3fisis regula el funcionamiento del \u00a0tiroides, la suprarrenal, los \u00f3rganos sexuales y el crecimiento lineal del hueso<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> aunque muchas otras gl\u00e1ndulas del organismo no son reguladas por la hip\u00f3fisis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>El tiroides<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sintetiza las <\/span><b>hormonas tiroideas<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, com\u00fanmente deficitarias en la poblaci\u00f3n general, constituyendo el hipotiroidismo el trastorno por d\u00e9ficit hormonal m\u00e1s frecuente. En ausencia de hormona tiroidea se produce una importante astenia y enlentecimiento de las funciones vitales as\u00ed como retenci\u00f3n de glicosaminglicanos y elevaci\u00f3n de colesterol.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>La gl\u00e1ndula suprarrenal<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Produce multitud de hormonas, de las cuales el<\/span><b> cortisol<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, controlado por la pituitaria, es imprescindible para la vida y responsable del mantenimiento de la tensi\u00f3n arterial y las reservas de glucosa y grasa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Los \u00f3rganos sexuales<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los <\/span><b>ovarios y test\u00edculos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> son reguladores de la fertilidad a trav\u00e9s de la producci\u00f3n de las <\/span><b>hormonas sexuales<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Los estr\u00f3genos y progest\u00e1genos permiten la fecundaci\u00f3n, implantaci\u00f3n y mantenimiento de la viabilidad embrionaria. Testosterona y estr\u00f3genos tiene adem\u00e1s un efecto protector frente a la osteoporosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>Crecimiento lineal del hueso<\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El <\/span><b>hueso<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> durante la edad de crecimiento se ve finamente<\/span><b> regulado por la secreci\u00f3n de la somatotropina hipofisaria<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que va a inhibir su producci\u00f3n en caso de enfermedad grave o desnutrici\u00f3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h4>La Lactancia<\/h4>\n<p><b>La mama produce leche en respuesta al nivel circulante de prolactina hipofisaria<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. En su ausencia la lactancia no es posible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Otras gl\u00e1ndulas como <\/span><b>el p\u00e1ncreas o la paratiroides no est\u00e1n controladas por la hip\u00f3fisis <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sino por otros <\/span><b>procesos metab\u00f3licos como la nutrici\u00f3n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, que estimular\u00e1 la producci\u00f3n de insulina <\/span><b>o como los niveles de vitamina D y la ingesta de calcio<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> que modificar\u00e1n la producci\u00f3n en las paratiroides de la parathormona cuyo exceso puede favorecer la osteoporosis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/\"><b>Unidad M\u00e9dica Angloamericana<\/b><\/a> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">contamos con <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/especialidades\/endocrino-en-madrid\/\">expertos endocrinos y nutricionistas<\/a> a su disposici\u00f3n. No dudes en <\/span><b>consultarnos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><b>Dra. Amalia Paniagua Ruiz<\/b><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las gl\u00e1ndulas endocrinas? Una gl\u00e1ndula es un conjunto de c\u00e9lulas encargadas de la producci\u00f3n y secreci\u00f3n de una o varias sustancias. Las gl\u00e1ndulas endocrinas lo que segregan son hormonas que se eliminan directamente en los capilares sangu\u00edneos. Existen numerosos \u00f3rganos endocrinos: hip\u00f3fisis, tiroides, paratiroides, p\u00e1ncreas, suprarrenales, ovarios, test\u00edculos y hueso entre otros. Cada [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","uma_autor":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-3465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-endocrinologia","tag-endocrinologia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00bfQu\u00e9 son las Gl\u00e1ndulas Endocrinas y qu\u00e9 las controla?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Gl\u00e1ndulas endocrinas: funciones, hormonas y trastornos comunes. 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