{"id":3433,"date":"2019-02-07T11:02:16","date_gmt":"2019-02-07T11:02:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/?p=3433"},"modified":"2019-10-30T11:49:39","modified_gmt":"2019-10-30T11:49:39","slug":"causa-de-otitis-y-sinusitis-proceso-catarral","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/en\/blog\/causa-de-otitis-y-sinusitis-proceso-catarral\/","title":{"rendered":"Proceso Catarral: Causa de Otitis y Sinusitis"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tanto los o\u00eddos como los senos paranasales son cavidades a\u00e9reas comunicadas con el exterior a trav\u00e9s de orificios. Estos orificios equilibran la presi\u00f3n del aire que existe en su interior, para que tenga la misma presi\u00f3n que la atm\u00f3sfera en la que nos movemos.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>El o\u00eddo se equilibra por medio de la Trompa de Eustaquio<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, que es un conducto osteo-cartilaginoso que comunica el o\u00eddo medio con la naso-faringe o porci\u00f3n posterior de la nariz.<\/span><b> En el adulto <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">tiene forma angulada y siempre est\u00e1 cerrado para evitar que las secreciones y por tanto, los g\u00e9rmenes que puedan existir, pasen al interior del o\u00eddo provocando una infecci\u00f3n. Sin embargo, <\/span><b>en los ni\u00f1os<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> es m\u00e1s ancha y horizontal, permitiendo con m\u00e1s facilidad el paso de los g\u00e9rmenes y por tanto infeccio<\/span>nes.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Se estima que <b>en torno al 90% de los ni\u00f1os tendr\u00e1 una otitis durante su ni\u00f1ez.<\/b><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfCual es la causa de otitis?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El aire del o\u00eddo se absorbe constantemente a trav\u00e9s de la mucosa apareciendo presiones negativas, que por mecanismo reflejo (al deglutir o abrir la boca) los m\u00fasculos periestafilinos traccionan lateralmente de la Trompa y se abre moment\u00e1neamente, equilibrando las presiones. Sin que nosotros lo notemos, este <strong>intercambio peri\u00f3dico de gases se produce alrededor de una vez por minuto cuando estamos despiertos y cada cinco durante el sue\u00f1o<\/strong>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Si este intercambio peri\u00f3dico de gases no se produce con normalidad, podr\u00eda ser a causa de alguna de estas dos situaciones.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un <\/span><b>\u00a0brusco cambio de presi\u00f3n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (subida o aterrizaje en un avi\u00f3n o una inmersi\u00f3n). El aire se absorbe a trav\u00e9s de la mucosa del o\u00eddo y aumenta en este la presi\u00f3n negativa, m\u00e1s all\u00e1 de los niveles fisiol\u00f3gicos o de normalidad y notamos la sensaci\u00f3n de presi\u00f3n o bloqueo. En este momento si conseguimos abrir la trompa de Eustaquio mediante la degluci\u00f3n o abriendo la boca, los s\u00edntomas desaparecer\u00e1n . En caso contrario necesitaremos tratamiento m\u00e9dico. \u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><b>Un proceso inflamatorio de la mucosa de la Trompa de Eustaquio<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Los procesos catarrales son producidos por virus, y a su vez provocan la inflamaci\u00f3n de la trompa de Eustaquio que como efecto secundario puede provocar una <\/span><b>otitis serosa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (acumulaci\u00f3n de l\u00edquido dentro del o\u00eddo) o una<\/span><b> otitis externa<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> si se infecta el l\u00edquido acumulado en el mismo.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfCual es la causa de sinusitis?<\/h2>\n<div id=\"attachment_3444\" style=\"width: 951px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3444\" class=\"wp-image-3444 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Sinusitis-mujer-e1549536329408.jpg\" alt=\"Sinusitis mujer\" width=\"941\" height=\"624\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Sinusitis-mujer-e1549536329408.jpg 937w, https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Sinusitis-mujer-e1549536329408-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Sinusitis-mujer-e1549536329408-768x510.jpg 768w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 941px) 100vw, 941px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 941px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 941\/624;\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3444\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mujer sufriendo sinusitis<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los senos paranasales, son tambi\u00e9n cavidades a\u00e9reas, en este caso localizadas alrededor de la nariz. Comunican con esta, mediante un peque\u00f1o orificio localizado en cada tipo de seno (frontal, etmoidal, maxilar y esfenoidal), para que la presi\u00f3n en ambas cavidades sea igual a la atmosf\u00e9rica. Estos no tienen un mecanismo activo como la Trompa de Eustaquio, por lo que\u00a0<\/span><b>cualquier inflamaci\u00f3n <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(proceso catarral) <\/span><b>o lesi\u00f3n<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (p\u00f3lipos o tumores) <\/span><b>pueden bloquear el ostium u orificio de drenaje<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Esto provoca que el aire de dentro del seno se absorba a trav\u00e9s de la mucosa, generando presiones negativas que aumentan la secreci\u00f3n. Y si esta secreci\u00f3n se infecta dar\u00eda lugar a una sinusitis.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u00bfQu\u00e9 debo hacer para prevenir la otitis o sinusitis cuando estoy acatarrado?<\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los catarros no siempre se complican con otitis o sinusitis, pero si notamos bloqueo o sensaci\u00f3n de presi\u00f3n en los o\u00eddos o dolor de cabeza que aumenta al inclinar la cabeza y estos s\u00edntomas<\/span><b> no ceden con el tratamiento habitual de un proceso catarral<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, debemos acudir al Otorrinolaring\u00f3logo. Este se encargar\u00e1 de diagnosticar y tratar al paciente en funci\u00f3n de la fase en la que este se encuentre, utilizando medios como la exploraci\u00f3n cl\u00ednica, la timpanometr\u00eda (prueba que nos cuantifica el equilibrio de presiones en el o\u00eddo medio) o la endoscopia.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/\"><b>Unidad M\u00e9dica Angloamericana<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> contamos con <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unidadmedica.com\/especialidades\/otorrino-en-madrid\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>expertos otorrinolaring\u00f3logos<\/strong> <\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dispuestos a ayudarte. No dudes en <\/span><b>consultarnos<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Ricardo Sanz Fern\u00e1ndez, Especialista en Otorrinolaringolog\u00eda<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tanto los o\u00eddos como los senos paranasales son cavidades a\u00e9reas comunicadas con el exterior a trav\u00e9s de orificios. Estos orificios equilibran la presi\u00f3n del aire que existe en su interior, para que tenga la misma presi\u00f3n que la atm\u00f3sfera en la que nos movemos. El o\u00eddo se equilibra por medio de la Trompa de Eustaquio, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3438,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","uma_autor":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[57],"tags":[78],"class_list":["post-3433","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-otorrinolaringologia","tag-otorrinolaringologia"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Proceso Catarral: Causa de Otitis y Sinusitis - Unidad M\u00e9dica<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Os contamos una de las causas m\u00e1s comunes de otitis y sinusitis tanto en ni\u00f1os como adultos: los procesos catarrales. 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